High cholesterol is a silent threat that affects millions of people. Data from the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) reveals that 40% of adults in the country suffer from this condition. Children and adolescents are not immune to the risks of high cholesterol, with 27.4% of them also suffering from this problem, according to a study conducted by researchers at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). The good news is that there are simple ways to recognize and treat the condition early, which could make a big difference in the future health of these young people.

Cholesterol is an essential fat for the body to function. It is necessary for the production of hormones, vitamin D and several substances that aid digestion. According to the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), about 70% of cholesterol in the body is produced by the liver, while the other 30% comes from the food we eat. However, when it is in excess, it can accumulate in the walls of the arteries, leading to serious health problems such as heart disease and stroke. That is why Brazil celebrates every year on August 8th the National Day Against Cholesterol, to raise awareness among the population about the importance of keeping cholesterol levels under control.

According to biochemist Luciana Figueira, technical coordinator at Sabin Diagnóstico e Saúde, children's cholesterol levels can be carefully monitored through blood tests. Normal levels are 170 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). “Cholesterol is transported in the body by HDL and LDL proteins. The level of HDL, known as 'good' cholesterol, must be above 45 mg/dL, while the level of LDL, known as 'bad' cholesterol, must be below 110 mg/dL,” explains the specialist.

To better understand, imagine cholesterol as the wax that can build up inside your home’s pipes. Too much wax can clog your pipes, making it difficult for water to pass through. Likewise, too much cholesterol can clog your arteries, making it difficult for blood to circulate and increasing your risk of heart disease.

Luciana Figueira recommends that children with obesity, diabetes or a family history of heart disease have their cholesterol tested between the ages of 2 and 8. In addition, all children between the ages of 9 and 12 should have the test before puberty. After that point, the annual exam rule applies. The two most common tests for measuring cholesterol levels are the lipid profile and VLDL (short for very low-density lipoprotein), which assess the amount of fat in the blood and indicate whether a patient’s lipid levels exceed the average for their age.

She points out that the tendency for high blood cholesterol in children and teens is greater in families with a history of cardiovascular disease. Excess fat in the bloodstream can cause everything from strokes to heart attacks. “Parents play a critical role in preventing the problem in their children, and should encourage healthy habits from an early age.”

Monitoring frequency

The simple and quick cholesterol test is performed using a blood sample and, in most cases, does not require fasting. “For children over four years of age, it should be repeated every five years. However, if the parents have high cholesterol before the age of 40, the procedure should be annual. For obese children, the recommendation is to test every four months.”

Luciana Figueira highlights the importance of monitoring cholesterol levels at an early age and cannot be underestimated. Regular consultations with a pediatrician and routine check-ups are essential to ensure children’s health. “There are several causes of high cholesterol in young people, including genetics, a diet high in fat, a sedentary lifestyle, and problems such as diabetes and obesity,” she explains.

Eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly are essential to keeping your cholesterol levels under control. Reducing your intake of fatty foods, such as fast food, fried foods and sweets, and increasing your intake of fruits, vegetables and whole grains can make a big difference.