Earth engineering has stood the test of time: it withstands natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes due to the structural characteristics of the Earth. It is an ancient story still told through structures that have stood the test of time. Indigenous earth building techniques were pioneered in many ancient civilizations around the world. Communities that originally built earthen shelters, and Material More accessible to them, they have taught their building techniques from generation to generation. Earth-made architecture developed in pursuit of an understanding of the geography and characteristics of the place in which it was introduced. With practices that have been perfected through generations, it is amazing to see that they remain steadfast in the midst of adversity.

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What appears to be a fragile structure made of rough earth is actually very durable, due to building techniques developed by skilled builders. Earth engineering is one of the first ways humans have developed to create shelter. Currently, about a third of the world’s population lives in an earthen structure made of adobe, tread or mortar. These structures have suffered themselves through earthquakes, hurricanes, and extreme weather events all over the world.

Ancient societies well understood the ways of working with the land and taught them through the generations. The builders have mastered the art of designing timeless structures made of earth. While building methods and architectural forms vary by location, the scientific principles behind resilience cross borders.

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Particle stacking

A rough earth specimen can have a variety of mineral shapes and sizes, depending on the region in which it is found. It is this very matter that makes the raw earth resist external forces so well. The floor wall is considered solid and resistant due to its very high particle density, compacted with the fewest possible number of gaps between them.

To do this, the constructors control the accuracy of a file MaterialMake sure to fill in all empty spaces. A small void inside the wall can become a potential breaking point. In the mixing, each particle is placed to ensure homogeneity and uniform consistency. The resulting configuration ensures that the built walls are strong and can withstand their weight as they rise.

friction

The particle roughness of earth materials plays an important role in building strong and resilient structures. Although there is a significant effect, the particle roughness and detailed texture can only be observed on the atomic scale. When these rough surfaces rub against each other in a mixture of materials, friction occurs. The force of friction prevents the particles from moving away from each other, causing the wall to collapse. It is this force that keeps the sand dry, loosening and forming a conical mound rather than spreading over the plane.

hang in there

Cohesive forces, which bind the particles together, greatly affect the strength of the earthen architecture. The cohesion causes the attraction between molecules Material Thus intensifies the force of friction. The ability of the metal particles to stay together solidifies the structural elements and correlates with the resilience of the building. Cohesion ensures that the building is able to withstand external forces such as tension and pressure. When the available soil is not cohesive enough, it can be Enhanced with additives Such as topsoil or turf.

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capillary cohesion

In the presence of moisture, soil particles are closely related to each other. For example, wet sand is more cohesive than dry sand, and it holds together for a long time. Water condenses in the narrow spaces between molecules, sticking to the mixture of substances. When water spreads over the surface of the mixture, surface tension arises, which causes the molecules to be attracted towards each other. This form of coherence is called capillary cohesion.

The degree of capillary cohesion in a mixture of materials depends on the relative humidity of the air and the amount of water added to the mixture. In the presence of atmospheric moisture, the forces of attraction between molecules intensify. This property allows the architecture of the Earth to adapt to changing climatic conditions. A shattered earth wall that withstands extreme moisture will become stronger in very dry conditions.

With its roots in ancient civilizations around the world, earth building has become a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to industrial building materials. Principles guiding construction can inspire innovation and spread wide use Material from construction. Taking climate change into account, the shift to a The “new physical economy” It is critical for architects to design environmentally sustainable environments. Land-based architecture can pave the way for climate resilience.