The question of when human life on Earth will end is a topic that has intrigued scientists for thousands of years, and the answers are becoming increasingly detailed, based on studies of astrobiology, climate change, and astronomy.

One of the most widely accepted scenarios is related to the evolution of the Sun. It is estimated that within a billion years, a 10% increase in the Sun’s brightness will lead to a devastating greenhouse effect, turning the Earth into a kind of “wet greenhouse.” This will lead to the evaporation of the oceans, the extinction of most life forms, and the collapse of the carbon cycle essential to life as we know it.

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Furthermore, about 4 to 5 billion years from now, the Sun will enter the red giant phase, which will cause its atmosphere to expand, possibly absorbing the Earth, which will already be uninhabitable due to the extreme increase in temperature and loss of the atmosphere.

However, the natural environment is not the only threat. Research suggests that human activity itself could be hastening the end of life long before cosmic phenomena occur. Global warming, caused by increasing levels of greenhouse gases, is making many areas of the planet uninhabitable, with temperatures in some areas expected to reach levels fatal to human life in the coming decades.

Understand what science says about the end of human life on Earth

Science predicts that in about a billion years, the increasing brightness of the Sun will cause a wet greenhouse effect, evaporating the oceans and making Earth uninhabitable. (Image: Image Bank)

In 4 to 5 billion years, the Sun will become a red giant, likely approaching Earth and determining its ultimate fate. (Image: Image Bank)

In the short term, human action could bring life on Earth to a near-term end due to severe climate change, making many areas uninhabitable this century. (Image: Image Bank)

In addition to climate change, other human-caused risks include nuclear war, bioterrorism, and uncontrolled technological advances such as artificial intelligence. (Images: Image Bank)

Asteroid and comet impacts also pose a real risk, although the probability is low in the short term, and space agencies monitor space for these objects. (Image: Image Bank)

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Natural End: The Role of the Sun

One leading theory suggests that the end of life on Earth will be due to the evolution of the sun. In about a billion years, a 10% increase in the sun’s brightness will lead to a “wet greenhouse effect,” causing the oceans to evaporate and the carbon cycle to collapse. In about 4 to 5 billion years, the sun will turn into a “red giant,” potentially making the planet uninhabitable.

Human Threats: Climate Change and Nuclear War

However, humans could shorten this period dramatically through their actions. Climate change, accelerated by increasing greenhouse gases, is already threatening the survival of much of humanity in the coming centuries. Rising global average temperatures, coupled with high humidity conditions, could make many areas of the planet inhospitable, even before major astronomical events.

Furthermore, other risks include the possibility of nuclear war, bioterrorism, or manipulation of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, which could lead to catastrophic scenarios for this species.

Asteroid impact and natural disasters

Another hazard that science considers is the impact of asteroids or comets. Although rare, these events have happened in Earth’s history, such as the one that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. NASA and other agencies monitor space for potentially hazardous objects, but the risk cannot be eliminated entirely.

Future Perspectives

Thus, human life on Earth depends on a combination of natural factors and the decisions we make as a species. Although the ultimate fate of the planet is inevitable due to the evolution of the sun, the impact we have on the environment could hasten our extinction long before it happens.

These theories come from scientific sources such as NASA, experts in astrobiology, astronomy, and studies on climate change and astronomical influences.

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