A recent study published in the journal neurology A link has been found between long-term use of medications to treat heartburn and reflux and an increased risk of dementia.

The research analyzed data from more than 5,000 participants with an average age of 78 years. It revealed that those who used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for 4.5 years or more had a 33% increased risk of developing dementia.

Among the medications included in this group are omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and dexlansoprazole, which work by inhibiting the final stage of stomach acid production.

These medications are very effective in controlling the symptoms of acid reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease, a more serious form of the condition in which stomach contents back up into the esophagus.

Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and dementia

The study authors explained that there is evidence that long-term use of proton pump inhibitors can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency is linked to cognitive decline.

Additionally, research in mice suggests that these drugs may interfere with amyloid protein metabolism, a factor that may contribute to the development of dementia.

Other risks associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors

In addition to the potential risk of dementia, studies also suggest an association between continued use of proton pump inhibitors and an increased risk of stroke, bone fractures, and chronic kidney disease.

However, these studies suggest a relationship rather than a direct causal relationship between the use of these medications and the development of these health conditions.