A thermoelectric generator (TEG – Thermoelectric Generator) converts thermal energy (heat) into electrical energy.

How does a thermoelectric generator work?

This TEG device converts thermal energy into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect.

The Seebeck effect proves that two different metals, connected at different points, subject to different temperatures, can generate an electric current in the circuit that unites them!

Thermoelectric generators are capable of converting thermal energy into electrical energy without the need for moving parts, which makes them ideal for use in situations where it is difficult or impossible to provide a source of electrical energy, as solar batteries are not effective due to a lack of sunlight.

The thermoelectric generator can be used for:

• Portable refrigeration systems
• Satellites
• spaceships

But this energy efficiency is low when compared to other forms of electricity production, which makes it less practical in other applications.

They still have the disadvantage of currently having a high cost and degree of complexity, which limits their applicability.

Thermoelectric generator applications

Thermoelectric generators can be used in different fields such as:

• space: In space missions, it is applied in satellites and spacecraft, where it is impossible to use other forms of electricity production.
• the cars: Some vehicles have thermoelectric generators to power auxiliary electrical systems such as the lighting and sound system.
• industry: Some industrial sectors use TEG to produce electricity from recovering waste heat from industrial processes used in the production process.
• army: Some military video surveillance and communications systems use this generator, especially in remote areas where there are no sources of electrical power.
• Medicine: Used in medical devices, such as pacemakers, they provide a continuous and reliable source of electrical energy.
• Scientific investigations: Used in studies of materials and processes involving the conversion of thermal energy into electricity.

In general, thermoelectric generators are useful in situations where it is difficult or impossible to supply an electrical energy source in another way!

Video – Operation of a thermoelectric generator driven by a candle